Photographic image



w. v. 0. KELLEY AND J. MASON. PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR 9. I918.

' INVENTORS 'kfi,

Patented Aug. 17, 1920.

ATTORNEY 5. o m c a c m c c a 7 MU. K V E iv am 1;. b 2

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE:

WIIiLIAM V. D. KELLEY, OF BROOKLYN, AND JOSEPH MASON, OF NEW YORK, Y.,

ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T0 PRIZMA INCORPORATED, A CORPORA- TION OF MAINE.

PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug, 17, 1920.

Original application filed July 26, 1917, Serial No. 182,817. Divided and this application filed March 9,

1918. Serial No. 221,343.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, WILLIAM V. D. KELLEY, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and

State of New York, and'JosErH MASON, acitizen of the United States, and resident of New York city, county of New York, and State of New vYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Photographic Images, of which the following is a specification. l

' -This invention relates to photographic images, and has particular reference to the manufacture of projecting positive film in color motion picture reproduction. This application is a division of application No. 182,817, filed July 26, 1917. a

In manufacturing projecting positives from color value records made by exposures through color screens, and especially where the positive is to have one color value record exactly registered with another on the same image area, a number of practical difliculties are encountered in obtaining the necessary accuracy of'reglstry and prlntlng.

Celluloid film is affected by liquids, humidity, age, etc., and has a eneral tendency to shrink. A negative a to!" being developed and dried and with age, isalways shorter and narrower than 'the comparatively fresh positive, and will also vary from time to time with humidity, and from place to place by reason of unequal tension in drying.

Owing to these variations, it has been dllIl'. cult to produce superposed color value records in registry with suflicient accuracy to give satisfactory commercial results when projected in colors on the curtain. necessity of obtaining exact registry of the two images on a single ima e area 1s at the very foundation "of the art 0 producing natural color films running at standard speed in ordinary projectors wherein one coating carries an image recording one color family, and the other coating an ima e recording a complementary color family. The very slight est relative displacement of the images results in loss of sharpness and perspective, similarly to lack of focus. This also affects the accuracy of color rendering, especially" with the subtractive system wherein the black silver positive images are rendered transparent and dyed or otherwise colored. It is therefore extremely important that a posi- Thetive film product be provided capable of being colored by any of the known suitable This result is, produced by effecting registration of the negative with the sensitive positive strip, solely by the perforations, and

particularly by a registering pin or pins at the printing window. The same registry of other negatives printed on that positive I area is retained by using the same pin and perforation as a standard. In employing standard film provided. with perforations at the sides, we use one perforationon one side solely for longitudinal registry, and a perforation on the other side for both longitudinal and lateral registry. The latter registration is by a pin completely filling the elongated standard fihn perforation of both positive and negative, and the former registration is by a pin filling a like perforation of both from top to bottom but not from side to side Since all of the negative and positive areas will have like perforations,-

any number of images can thus be superposed, registered accurately at the pr1nt1ng window solely by perforations, and then I printed.

The standardpractice to-day is to perforate both negative and positive with the same make of perforator, so that initially the four perforations on each side are alike in shape and spacing. "After the negative has been developed and dried. it is evldent that if one of the eight positive and nega-v tive perforations are exactly registered, the

'others willall be out ofregistry by the amount of variation of the negative relatively to the fresh positive. The full fitting I pin will thus exactly register these two perforations, while the opposite loose fitting pin can register two corresponding perforations of positive and'negative from top to bottom only, as the negative shrinkage will throw the sides out of registry. The novel product of the foregoing method is thus characterized by the images being always at one side of the positive area by an amount equal to the shrinkage of the negative relatively to the fresh positive at the time of printing, in contradistinction to the previo us efforts in this art to exactly center the image on the positive, or varying froin side to side Figure 1 is a detail of the registering mechanism,

. Fig. 2 is a 'front view of Fig. 1, seen from.

the right,

Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views showing the separate vertical and horizontal registering mechanism,

F ig, 5 is an elevation showing one printing of a double coated positive, negative emulsion to positive emulsion,

Fig. 6 is an elevation showing the priopting negative base to positive emulsion an filFig. 7 is a perspective of a double printed 1 isa negative emulsion on transparent perforated base 2. 3 is the \positive perforated base having emulsions 4, 5, thereon to be printed. The first printing may be as shown in Fig. 5 with negative emulsion to positive emulsion, and the second printing as shown in Fig. 6, with negative base to second positive emulsion, and producing when developed, the positive shown in Fig. 7 having images on each side. This invention is applicable to ordinary black and white printing on single coated emulslon, but is especially intended for color reproduction where the image on one side of the positive is of one color family and that on the other side is of a complementarycolor family, such images requiring to be in registry-for projection.

Tn employing standard film provided with perforations at the side, we use a certain perforation of each positive image area at the printing gate as a standard, and use the'corresponding perforation of each negative for registration therewith by a pin tightly fitting the perforation from end to up at this standard perforation.

end and top to bottom, so that any negative shrinkage, warping or distortion is all taken With standard perforations, this singlepin will definitely register the negative bothulaterally and longitudinally, but in practice we preferably'use a second cooperating pin which fits corresponding opposite perforations of positive and negative tightly from top't'o' bottom but loosely from side to side so as to allow the shrunk negative to slide laterother ally under the control of the full fitting pin.

, This second pin consequently only assists.

, emulsion to emulsion. The clamp also carries the registering pins 8, 10, and isv reciprocated by any suitable means. Feeding of the films is controlled so that like color family images will be registered and printed in succession on the first positive emulsion,

and all of the complementary color family images on the second positive emulsion. In printing the other side of the positive both the positive and negative are reversed, bringing the negative base 2 to second positive emulsion 5, as shown in Fig. 6. The pins 8, 10, are also reversed, so that. the holes 7 and 12 in the positive retain the same relation with the pins 8, 10, as before, but now register the holes of the second negative with the positive holes 7, 12, re-' spectively. After the strips are registered and clamped, the exposure is made by light through window 9,.either by' a hand or power driven shutter moving in front of a suitablelight. The positive strip is then developed, fixed, and washed on both sides at once, and now contains color values of one family all on one side, and color values of another family allon the other side, but each registered longitudinally with one certain perforation'in the positive'and inde- ".pendently registered laterally certain perforation therein. If the ordinary single image positive is to be made, the negative and positive are fed, registered, clamped and printed together. In printing double coated positives, suitable precautions will be observed to prevent fogging of one side in printing the other, our preferred method being to provide relatively slow emulsions on the positive with quick exposure to light of proper strengt The terms negative and positive are used-in the-relative sense herein, and not as limitations upon the invention, which can 'not only be used specifically for making colored projecting transparencies for motion picture reproduction, but can also be used I for various other purposes, such as ordinary black and white positives, or single pictures. "Positives made by this invention will be so accurately registered as to run much more smoothly than positives printed without being registered at the printing window.

S0 far as we are aware, one or more images registered with predetermined perforations in opposite edges of a strip have not heretofore been produced, and we believe ourselves to be the first inventors of such product, as well as a transparency carrying with anotherpredetermined perforations in the edges of carrying a plurality of color value printed such transparency, in a position determined images, each image being similarly regisby taking up all negative shrinkage on one 7 tered longitudinally with a certain perfora- 10. side. i A tion and laterally with a certain other per- 5 W hat is claimed, is: foration of the film strip.

A photographic film strip transparency WILLIAM D. KELLEY. having a series of image areas, each area JOSEPH MASON. 1 

